SO₄²⁻ ppm per ppm of SO₄-S (sulfate reported as elemental sulfur).
US lab reports, including Ward Labs, print sulfate this way, which is about
a third of the SO₄²⁻ figure brewing calculations use. Brewers usually
multiply by 3. The exact ratio from these molar masses is
96.056 / 32.06 ≈ 2.996, and deriving it here means report importers
convert with the same sulfate mass the rest of the engine uses.
SO₄²⁻ ppm per ppm of SO₄-S (sulfate reported as elemental sulfur).
US lab reports, including Ward Labs, print sulfate this way, which is about a third of the SO₄²⁻ figure brewing calculations use. Brewers usually multiply by 3. The exact ratio from these molar masses is
96.056 / 32.06 ≈ 2.996, and deriving it here means report importers convert with the same sulfate mass the rest of the engine uses.